Like other crises, the coronavirus epidemic has had a significant impact on our lives. As a result, the built environment has changed to adapt to new conditions and needs. Since Covid-19 is not the first and possibly the last epidemic, Housing design must also adapt to the new reality. At present, the spatial properties of Housing are impacted by social distancing strategies, quarantine and isolation, proper ventilation, and infection control, which have imposed new patterns of life and work. This study has used a qualitative approach to answer how Housing design can support human health and well-being in an epidemic. After identifying the most important strategies for controlling the risk of the epidemic based on the literature review, the measures and recommendations of experts for its risk management have been discussed. Purposive sampling was done and data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted through the thematic analysis method and qualitative data coding. Based on the reviews and analyzes of the measures and recommendations of experts, Covid-19 risk management strategies for Housing architecture were identified and then classified into ten categories in the form of four research topics. Spatial separation for quarantine and isolation, natural ventilation and the role of open and semi-open spaces in reducing the risk and responding to Covid-19 disease, space zoning to control infection and finally design criteria for responding to new functions and interactions in Housing are identified as the most important categories in this research. The solutions presented in this study as Housing design strategies can help prevent and reduce the risk of epidemic diseases and improve the quality of life in the newly imposed conditions.

Introduction: The family is the primary context in which the process of socialization and the quality of people’s lifestyles are shaped. As an essential element of both individual and societal life, the family can play a productive role if it is able to express itself in the most desirable way and function effectively. The house, as the main setting of family life, contributes to the formation of individual personality and lifestyle, and plays a fundamental role in meeting people’s needs and aspirations. The relationship between the individual and the house is reciprocal: while human lifestyles influence the architecture of residential spaces, architectural design also directly affects family lifestyles. Thus, the way in which living spaces are designed is of great significance. The central research question is: What are the most important dimensions of family lifestyle, and how does each of them affect Housing architecture?Method: The research employed a deductive content analysis method, chosen to organize the raw data obtained from existing studies. During the review of sources, an effort was made to move beyond the surface level of the texts and to identify both explicit and implicit criteria. These criteria were then coded and organized into relevant tables in order to achieve a more comprehensive result. Titles relevant to the research were identified across books, published articles, research reports, and theses. For internal sources, databases were searched using titles, abstracts, and keywords such as lifestyle, Housing, family, and Housing architecture. For external sources, 230 relevant studies were identified through reliable databases using similar keywords including Housing design, lifestyle, family, and Housing architecture.In the initial coding process, criteria with maximum thematic relevance to the research topic were extracted and categorized as 38 effective lifestyle criteria (Table 2). These were then synthesized into a preliminary framework of family lifestyle factors influencing Housing design, grouped under ten general components: (1) sociological, (2) cultural, (3) social, (4) political, (5) religious, (6) economic, (7) geographical, (8) health-oriented, (9) temporal (era-based), and (10) intrinsic motivation/personal taste.In the second part of the study, these components and their subcomponents were categorized further, highlighting the relationship between lifestyle dimensions identified in the first stage and the architecture of human living spaces. Graphical analysis of the components showed that sociological and cultural factors held the highest relative frequency and importance in Housing design, followed by social, economic, health-oriented, geographical, religious, political, and intrinsic motivation/personal taste dimensions.Conclusion: Family lifestyle can be understood as a relatively coherent set of behaviors and activities performed by family members in the course of daily life, encompassing diverse dimensions across social, cultural, political, economic, and other domains. Based on the findings of this study, several key lifestyle dimensions and their subcomponents were identified, including sociological factors such as gender, age, education, and family structure; geographical aspects such as climate, ethnicity, and nationality; economic considerations including income, occupation, consumerism, and economic inequality; cultural elements; health-oriented factors such as physical and mental health; belief-based aspects including religion and religious activities; political orientation and participation; social communication styles ranging from active to passive; intrinsic motivation and personal taste such as digital or minimalist lifestyles; and temporal aspects related to historical periods or eras. Each of these dimensions directly influences both family lifestyle and Housing, which serves as the primary context for shaping daily behaviors and activities. Their impact on Housing architecture manifests in physical aspects such as the type of residence (villa, apartment, residential complex), form and proportions (dimensions and scale), decorations, furniture, and spatial layout, as well as in non-physical aspects such as symbolic meanings, sense of belonging, perceptions of safety, and feelings of peace and comfort.

Islamic architecture of Iran, due to its reliance on the principles and spiritual beliefs and Islamic ethics of the people of this land, can be used and exploited in the deep definition of the theoretical constructions of a progressive Islamic architecture, suitable for the modern needs of contemporary Housing. Therefore, the re-examination of the hidden spiritual teachings and Islamic ethics in the art and architecture of the past Housing is one of the most fundamental steps in this field. The present article, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to determine effective architectural design strategies in strengthening the concepts of Islamic ethics among Housing users by looking at contemporary Housing architecture in the city of Ardabil with Islamic origins. Data collection was achieved through survey and library studies. The statistical population includes residents of the central part (region one) of Ardabil city with a sample number of 384 people with Cochran sampling. Data analysis was done by the least square method with the help of SmartPLS.3 software. The findings of the research showed that the principles of Housing architecture should be functionally; cultural; Economic; spiritual; environmental; legal; psychological; And semanticism should conform to Islamic ethics. In addition, the greatest impact is related to psychological structure and spiritual structure. The results of the research are presented in the form of solutions in the field of placement of the building in the neighborhood unit, in the way mass and space coexist, spatial and functional organization and arrangement, components and furniture and decorations.

As a container for human life, Housing has a close relationship with ethics and lifestyle; The provision of many material and spiritual needs, lifestyle orientation and moral characteristics takes place at home. In the traditional houses, the place of architecture in the lifestyle was paid attention to by religious knowledge and architecture, and the architecture of the house represented the lifestyle and moral values of the Islamic society. Today, due to the invasion of the western lifestyle, the need to discuss how to use Islamic anthropology in the objective components of life, including lifestyle and architecture, is felt more than ever. In this article, after reviewing the concepts, two different views on the role of Housing architecture in religious and modern lifestyles have been defined. Then, by comparative comparison between four cases of Qajar and Pahlavi period houses, these two views have been examined objectively and as evidence. With the arrival of the modern lifestyle in Iran, Islamic architecture and moral values in Housing began to decline and gave way to modern and secular architecture, and other moral values that were effective in the Islamic lifestyle and architecture of traditional houses were not considered. The architecture of the house in the Pahlavi period was influenced by the modern lifestyle and the spaces of the house were formed not based on moral values, but based on financial facilities and consumerism; While the spaces of the traditional house were designed based on the components of the Islamic lifestyle, including ethics, and facilitated a religious life for the residents.

Today, natural environment, saving energies and sustainable development have become the important international issues. In this regard, preventing earth pollution, saving energies and living compatible with natural condition are significant solutions in architecture and Urbanism, which make the architectures and urbanists comply with the specific construction principles. The necessity of utilizing the new kinds of energy and boosting in population have resulted in lack of energy in the world which is detrimental to human’s life. The continous effort of scientist may give hope to eliminate the grave consequences of environment pollution and lack of energy.One of the important factors of environmental pollution, especially in Iran is using common fossil energy at homes for hot water and ventilation.Admittedly, increasing population in cities leads to exponential consumptions of energy which is fundamental parameter for technology and industry in a country, such as Iran. Hence, this problem is surmountable through the design which is well-grounded on sustainable environment principles.The Iranian traditional architecture enjoys unique characteristics. For example in Iran qualities not only consider aesthetic issues, but also provide climatic needs in each region. The techniques applied in mentioned architectural style contain multitude new concepts of sustainable architecture. This article investigates these type of concepts in Iranian Housing architecture.

Social justice has always been one of the most critical citizenship rights. Although spatial justice offered new interpretations in urban planning, it has not been comprehensively defined in Housing architecture. The purpose of this study is to obtain indigenous definitions and explain the indicators of measuring social justice in Iranian Housing architecture. This research has been done to combine qualitative and quantitative methods with the Weighting model of variables with the help of SPSS software and hierarchical analysis. The theoretical approach was based on the indexing method. First, the library-documentary studies, by reviewing the texts and library documents, the different definitions of Eastern and Western philosophers from the concept of social justice have been studied, and related materials have been extracted from reliable sources. In the other part, the views of contemporary Iranian architects regarding the indigenous pattern of Iranian settlement were examined. Then, by a comparative study of spatial justice indicators and critical factors of Housing patterns in Iran, the most important factors affecting the measurement of spatial justice in Iranian Housing were obtained. Indicators of social justice in Iranian Housing were classified into five categories: conceptual, physical, climatic, social-cultural and, visual aesthetics. Physical categories such as symmetry in the plan, geometric form of blocks, variability in the unit area and, the type of proximity of residential blocks have been studied. Conceptual categories were assessed with questions about spatial hierarchy, flexibility within residential units, resident participation, and space security. Environmental and climatic variables were assessed with questions related to light, ventilation and landscape, balcony, area and, variety of common spaces. Social and cultural indicators were assessed by factors such as the existence of shared service spaces, the social interactions in the open spaces of the complexes, privacy, prediction of units and spaces for the disabled, and for the visual factor items such as the variety of block form, use of decorations, Facade and, the effect of building height, uniformity and uniformity of blocks were evaluated. Finally, the criteria were validated through a questionnaire between professors and experts. The results showed: Units' access to sunlight, proper ventilation, and landscape, provision of spaces for the disabled, attention to spatial hierarchy, flexibility and participation of residents in the development of the residential complex and diversity of common spaces, space security, and diverse area are the most important factors in promoting spatial justice in residential architecture and the use of decorations on the facade in social Housing received the lowest score. To conclude, while there are several expressions about social justice, we tried to put spatial justice on a scale, which is the scope of architects, with the help of criteria. These indicators can be effective in creating a conceptual model for creating future spaces. This is done to improve the quality of urban life of vulnerable citizens in social Housing. In the hope that in addition to creating physical spaces as a shelter, we can further consider social justice, which has a direct impact on increasing citizens' satisfaction.

Introduction: Participatory culture in architecture can create effective communication between the employer, relevant organizations, architects, and space users. This research seeks to prioritize the components of participatory culture in Housing architecture, in which special emphasis has been placed on issues related to low-income groups. The main question of the research is "How can the components of participatory culture be evaluated based on the opinion of low-income Housing experts?" Methodology: In the theoretical studies section, to present the components of participatory culture, the descriptive-analytical research method was used; Then, the field method and information-gathering tools were used through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with experts in the field of architecture and urban planning. In the data analysis section, after field surveys and the use of questionnaire tools, to use the questionnaire data, first the data were classified and coded, and then after entering the categorized data into SPSS 25 software, tests related to type determination were performed. Cronbach's alpha test for research reliability; The Friedman test was used to determine the priorities and the multiple regression test was used to describe the linear relationship between the components of the participatory culture. The results of Friedman's test show the significance of the rating of the components of participatory culture from the point of view of experts and practitioners of architecture and urban planning so that they have different ratings of these components. Results: In Housing policies for low-income groups, paying attention to the participatory culture can play an effective role in reducing the gaps between all interested groups in different stages of planning, design, construction, and exploitation of space and be effective in improving the Housing situation of this group. In the output of the Friedman test, it can be seen that user participation in the operation and maintenance of Housing has the highest average rating (9.52) and then the importance of the steps in user participation to create optimal Housing with an average rating (8.87), means According to architecture and urban planning specialists, the highest priority in creating a participatory culture is to involve users in operation and maintenance of Housing. On the other hand, the component of user participation with other sectors in the existing Housing plan has the lowest average rating (2.06), and then the quality of Housing projects under construction average rating (3.30) is dedicated to itself. This means that at present, residents of Housing do not have sufficient communication and necessary participation with other sectors or the ability to create appropriate participation is not provided for them. Conclusion: The participatory culture in low-income Housing emphasizes the coherence between the three areas of participation among stakeholders in the Housing plan, seeking participation and participation among the stakeholders, and the way users (residents) participate in the Housing plan, and shows the priorities of the participatory components from the experts' point of view. It determines the ability and effectiveness of participation in these components.

Industrial development, population growth and increase in commutation between cities and villages as well as the mass media and Study of contemporary period of rural constructions have brought about numerous instances of unorganized plans or rural constructed buildings, selection of building system, organs, functional elements, quality of construction and performance. These Unorganized and irregularity will be manifested when residents are using the buildings and show their dissatisfaction which could be a factor to create inappropriate social, cultural and economic conditions in future. In this case architecture as a container involving all aspects of man's life will result discontent with an inappropriate realization. Part of this chaos whose effects will be more evident at the time of operation which is caused by ignoring or paying less attention to the goals of frugality in energy consumption and design in harmony with environment and climate which has a surprising effect on the welfare and hygiene of the residents and will also influence the customs, traditions and life style of the villagers beside their economic outcomes. This impact will eventually damage sustainability and finally the village itself. Sustainable rural development with economic-social and environmental approaches will be possible by collecting all aspects of the village. In order to establish sustainability in the village, the outlook should be from part to whole of component. Considering the subject of this study, Housing as a part can operate as a whole and if this accurately to be planned and performed, can be a realization of sustainability and an appropriate step toward sustainable development.Being compiled by studies in available documents, this paper tries to elaborate the factors affecting changes in rural construction and its proper function in village development and take steps in continuing rural Housing architecture and as a basic element, for sustainability in villages by offering appropriate strategies.

This paper examines in detail the little-known Friday Mosque (masjid-i jāmi‘) of Firdaus, located southwest of the Khurasan, which has had a key role in developing Saljuq architecture in the area. The original scheme of the mosque was unclear. The lofty īwān and two flanking dome chambers on the west (qibla) side of the courtyard are the central core of the mosque. The main aim of the article is to analyse the architecture of the mosque and demonstrate its association with the architectural style of the Saljuq mosque in the Khurasan area.  During the conservation and restoration measures in 2006, some fresh materials were unearthed. The new findings shed light on the original features of the mosque and revealed its formation. The paper describes the city's history, defines its architectural characteristics, and then analyses the present information for replying to the research questions. Owing to the outcomes of the archaeological investigation, the study suggests the general scheme of the mosque as a further example of the two- īwān mosque, which may be dated to the late years of the 6th /12th century. Despite the importance of the mosque, no lengthy study has been published about the building. The accurate drawing of the plan and sections of this monument, with the proposal scheme for the reconstruction of the mosque, are being published in this paper for the first time.

Background and Aim: Prevention is better than cure. Humans have been looking for ways to improve their health. So prevention must be strengthened. One of the tools to strengthen health is to provide it in the dimensions of environmental health. This research aims to review the principles and features of traditional health Housing by reviewing the documents of traditional medicine and the features of traditional architecture. Materials and Methods: This research is qualitative. Before and after setting the criteria in the present interdisciplinary research, medical and architectural researchers have been referred for interviews to deepen medical concepts and the consensus of experts in the validation of architectural examples. The method of data collection has been searching library resources, articles related to prestigious medical and architectural journals, and exploratory interviews to deepen the understanding of the subject. Findings: The findings show that traditional medicine with a single approach based on common qualities, explains the effect of environmental factors of health, including climate, physical and mental movement, and sleep-wake, on Housing management. In traditional architecture, some principles and features are by the recommendations of physicians in the four mentioned forms for organizing Housing. Conclusion: The most important medical advice for hot and dry climates is to moderate heat and dryness by increasing humidity, cooling, and natural airflow in the spaces. Air dryness can be controlled with an introverted design to control radiation and wind, the use of the spatial pattern of the pond and cellar and the elements of water, plants, and canopies, and cool and natural airflow is achieved by installing holes, windbreaks, and openings in walls and high skies. In the dimension of physical and mental movement, to regain physical and mental forces and general balance in its temperament, priority should be given to the state of stillness and tranquility of the house. Mental health can be achieved through hierarchical design, spatial centrifugation, collective space centralism, and the use of symbolic arrays. In the sleep-wake dimension, by observing the principle of space and spatial independence, the ground for benefiting from awakening and recovery of forces in the sleep state is provided.